Reduce Risk of Developing Colon Cancer with Screenings, Modifying Risk Factors

Colorectal Cancer Awareness month came to a close on March 31, but it’s always beneficial to understand what screening and treatment recommendations are available for this type of cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women. Last year approximately 150,000 people were diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 50,000 people died as a result of the disease. Over the past two decades, both colorectal cancer incidence rates and mortality rates have been declining due primarily to early detection and improved treatments.

What can you do to reduce your risk of developing colon cancer?

Modify factors associated with increase risk when possible. That includes obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, a diet high in red meat and limited intake of fruits and vegetables.

Get screened! If you are 50 years of age or older (the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age), schedule routine screening colonoscopies. Colonoscopy can result in the detection and removal of polyps before they become cancerous, and can also detect cancer at an earlier, more treatable stage. African-Americans tend to develop colorectal cancer earlier and should begin screening at age 45 as a result. Anyone with a family history of colorectal cancer, a family history of a genetic condition that ensures the growth of polyps in the colon, or who has a personal history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease should consult a physician for a recommendation about when to begin screening.

Surgery is the most common treatment for colorectal cancer. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation may be recommended. With treatment the one- and five-year survival rates for individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer is 82 percent and 64 percent respectively. When detected at an early, localized stage, the five-year survival rate increases to 90 percent.

Clinical trials are exploring the use of new targeted therapies for colorectal cancer. Our research department at the Robert and Carol Weissman Cancer Center is currently enrolling patients in two such trials, including one for Stage III and one for Stage IV disease.

To improve your chances of remaining colorectal cancer free, talk to your doctor about risk factors and screening. For additional information on colorectal cancer or clinical trials, call me at (772) 223-5945, ext. 3739.

-- Judith Johansen, RN, BSN, CCRP
Clinical Research Coordinator